ChaosLab · Dynamical Systems

One number turns order into chaos

A whole population's fate from a single equation. Turn the growth-rate knob and watch a calm, predictable system shatter — first into a flicker, then a beat, then pure unpredictability. Same formula the whole way.

xn+1 = r · xn · (1 − xn)
Growth rate  r the only knob — everything below responds live
3.200
Period-2 cycle
2.42.93.43.574.0

Cobweb where it lands

Each step bounces off the curve and the diagonal. Watch where the staircase gets trapped.

0.300

Bifurcation map every outcome at once

Sweep r left to right. Each column = the long-run values for that r. The fork is period-doubling.

current r fixed cycle chaos

Why this is the strangest plot in math

At r below 3 the population always coasts to a single steady value — boring, predictable, one answer. Nudge r past 3 and it can't sit still: it ping-pongs between two values forever. Past ~3.449 those split into four, then eight, sixteen — the gaps shrinking faster each time (Feigenbaum's constant ≈ 4.669).

Around r ≈ 3.569 the doublings pile up infinitely and you fall off the edge of chaos: the same simple equation, run with no randomness at all, now never repeats. Two starting points a billionth apart end up completely different. That's the butterfly effect — born from x·(1−x).

Now the kicker: slide to r = 3.83. Out of the chaotic haze, a clean period-3 window snaps back into focus — islands of perfect order living inside the chaos. Deterministic ≠ predictable, and chaos isn't the same as random. Drag x₀ in the calm zones and nothing changes; drag it in the chaos and everything does.